I have plants in every room of the house and plenty outdoors too. My collection ranges from thumb-size succulents to a dracaena taller than I am. I’m on and off my two balconies a lot to water and fuss over them. So the first few times I swatted a little fly getting up in my face, I assumed one had followed me back inside.
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The calathea started to struggle right away. I fretted over it, brought in a humidifier, moved the plant closer to and then farther from the window. Then the ‘Marble Queen’ pothos hanging in the window started struggling. The philodendron ‘Brasil’ began to droop. I took them down to get a look at the soil and was met with a face full of fungus gnats.
A lot of us became plant parents in quarantine. My collection expanded from a handful of cute little cactuses picked up on a whim at Trader Joe’s to a sweeping collection of more than three dozen posed in corners and on countertops in every room of my house. But as parents of all kinds know, even the cutest little additions to the family come with potentially unpleasant corollaries. Advertisement
Fungus gnats are one of the most common plant pest problems, and one of the most frustrating (and potentially expensive) to resolve. Google searches for “fungus gnats” and related insect elimination queries have ticked up since the start of 2020, as the people projecting pandemic stress onto their plants have found themselves in the same position I’m in.
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I have read just about every article on the internet about eradicating fungus gnat infestations. I have ordered 48-packs of yellow sticky traps from Amazon — three times. I have done toxic soaks and let poison pellets bloom in water overnight. I have top-dressed. I have bottom-watered. (For those of you who haven’t gone off the gnat-inspired deep end, top dressing is covering the soil with something that physically block bugs from accessing it. It’s also done for aesthetic reasons. And bottom-watering is when you let your plant soak up water through its drainage hole instead of pouring it over the top, which keeps that soil at the top from getting damp and attracting critters.) I have gone as long as possible without watering my plants before I start to feel dehydrated on their behalf. I have repotted. I have purchased strange devices, like the Katchy, a robotic insect vacuum that lures its victims with UV light and sucks them to their doom with a fan.
I’ve even done the unthinkable: I’ve had to toss some of my beloved plants. Some wilted and died as the gnat larvae chewed up their roots. Others were so profoundly infected that even multiple attempts at solving the problem failed, and I was forced to make a horticultural Sophie’s choice to save the rest. Advertisement
At The Times, we have an internal Slack channel for plant lovers where I have posted about my plight. Here’s what I have spent trying to combat the problem:
— Three 48-packs of sticky traps: $44 — Landscaping sand: $15 — Beneficial nematodes: $60 — Steel wool: $10 — Neem oil spray: $11 — Katchy: $40 — Bag of cedar shavings: $10 — Three Venus flytraps and specialty potting mix: $66 — Mosquito bits: $19 — Hydrogen peroxide: $5 — Bonide Systemic Houseplant Insect Control granules: $22
Total: $302. More than 10 times what the original calathea cost me. All of these items promised to ward off, murder, smother or otherwise expunge my pest problem. Only a handful succeeded.
Even worse? The gnats came for the dwarf Meyer lemon tree and the burro’s tail on the balcony. They got into my big dracaena, my fiddle-leaf fig, my bird of paradise. They unleashed their foul spawn on my pride and joy: my two big monstera plants. I’m so paranoid that I’ve caught myself aggressively swatting specks of dust out of the air. At this point, I am legitimately concerned that I have somehow bred a mutant strain that is immune to every treatment out there. Advertisement
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Before we get into warfare, a brief overview of the enemy: They are related to mosquitos but don’t bite people. They look like fruit flies but lay their eggs on damp soil, not past-ripe produce. They don’t carry any diseases dangerous to humans. The adults aren’t really dangerous to plants either. They are slow, clumsy fliers — rather satisfyingly easy to swat. Their larvae are the root eaters. And even those won’t be able to do much damage to most of your plants unless you’re profoundly afflicted. They have a roughly three-week lifespan, which is why it sometimes feels like you’ve finally, truly gotten rid of them, only for the cycle to begin anew.
So mostly, they’re annoying. As they search for a wet patch of dirt, you’ll often find them buzzing around your face, evaluating your moist holes for real estate potential. Or they’re in your water glass or crawling around your bathroom sink. They’re obnoxiously fertile, and the problem can escalate from nuisance to all-encompassing swarm in shockingly little time.
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Eradicate your fungus gnat infestation for good with the following method: Put up a bunch of sticky traps, top-dress the soil with sand and do nematode soaks every 10 to 14 days until the problem is resolved. Also, stop overwatering your plants and eliminate any unnecessary sources of moisture. That’s it.
The thing about fungus gnats is that you have to stop them at every stage of the life cycle to eradicate them. If you kill only the adults flying around by trapping them, some will get the chance to lay another round of eggs in the soil, and the cycle begins anew.
The yellow sticky traps “work” in that they capture a disgusting amount of twitching flying insects. But they capture only adult fungus gnats and not necessarily before the bugs have had a chance to lay eggs. If you catch the problem early, a strong line of sticky trap defenses might be enough to stop it in its tracks, but I was too far gone for this to be sufficient.
“Top-dressing” is when you cover the soil with another medium to make it inaccessible to insects. I initially tried steel wool after seeing a post about it on Reddit. That was not successful; they still had plenty of room to fly around. I tried again with a robust bag of landscaping sand from a big-box hardware store. The sand gives enough coverage to prevent the adults from laying more eggs and traps the larvae in the soil, stopping them from wriggling to freedom. You can still water your plants at the top if you want to. It will just go through the sand. You need only about a quarter inch to a half inch of sand on top of the soil to do the trick. Get it around the base of the plant and all the way to the edges of the pot: Fungus gnats are wily and will gladly take advantage of any opening you give them. Advertisement
Adult fungus gnats are annoying but largely harmless. The larvae are the ones sucking the life out of your precious plants by chomping on the roots. Enter nematodes, or microscopic roundworms. It might sound counterintuitive to fight your insect problem by bringing in more of them, but these are the beneficial kind. Nematodes will seek and destroy the larvae, which prevents the next generation of adults from forming. (Don’t Google how that process works unless you’re prepared to sleep poorly tonight. OK, fine, if you must.) Because you probably have gnats at various stages in the life cycle, you have to do the nematode soaks a few times to get them all.
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I bought some nematode “pot poppers” online; I put the little sachets into my pots and they didn’t seem to do much. After strenuous urging from Jones, the beekeeper, I tried again. I got the kind that looks like a bag of finely grated Parmesan, which you put in water and then pour over your plants. It made a noticeable dent in the gnat population after just one application.
Every person I spoke to for this article told me I was overwatering my plants. I swear I am not overwatering my plants. I don’t water on an app’s schedule like a nervous first-time plant mom. I stick my finger in the soil and check further down with a moisture meter.
But when I got the bug-trafficking calathea, the soil was very damp. Brown, the entomologist, said it almost definitely came from an infested greenhouse. Greenhouses are humid and full of plants that get watered frequently, he said, and thus are a somewhat intractable scene of fungus gnat issues. Similarly, anywhere in your house that has moisture is keeping the gnats interested.
Jones asked me a question that made my blood run cold: Did I have water sitting in my plants’ drainage trays? Guilty. Sure, I was letting the topsoil thoroughly dry out, but I was practically offering a buffet at the drainage holes.
So, to recap: Put a few cheerful little literal death traps around your plants in the form of sticky traps. Cover up the soil with sand. Keep a bag of microscopic roundworms in your fridge. Wipe down your drainage trays and do whatever you can to minimize moisture. Advertisement
Fungus gnats are tiny insects that can become a nuisance for indoor plant owners These small flies thrive in the damp soil of potted plants and lay their eggs there When the larvae hatch, they begin feeding on plant roots and fungi in the soil. While they don’t directly harm humans, a fungus gnat infestation can damage your plants’ health. Balsam plants are especially prone to fungus gnat infestations because of their need for consistently moist soil. If you’ve noticed small flies buzzing around your balsam plants, it’s likely they have fungus gnats. Getting rid of them takes some effort, but it can be done through diligent treatment. Here are the most effective methods for eliminating fungus gnats in balsam plants.
What Are Fungus Gnats?
Fungus gnats are grayish-black flies about 1/8 inch in size. They resemble tiny mosquitos and thrive in damp conditions. Female fungus gnats lay eggs in potting soil where larvae emerge about 4 days later. The larvae have clear bodies and black heads. They feed on fungi plant roots, and organic matter in soil for about 2 weeks before pupating into adult flies. The full life cycle lasts 3-4 weeks. Fungus gnats don’t bite humans or pets, but they can become a nuisance from continually flying around plants. More problematically, their larvae damage plant roots, which can stress and kill plants over time.
Fungus gnats particularly love the consistently moist soil that balsam plants require. Balsam plants don’t tolerate drying out between waterings. Their need for continual moisture makes them magnets for fungus gnat infestations. Once fungus gnats take hold in a balsam plant’s potting mix, they can be difficult to eradicate. It takes diligence and multiple control methods used consistently over time.
How Fungus Gnats Harm Balsam Plants
While adult fungus gnats are merely a nuisance to humans, their larvae actively damage plants by feeding on roots. Fungus gnat larvae chew on fragile new root hairs and feed on root tissues. This damages the plant’s ability to take up moisture and nutrients. Roots may start to rot and die, which stresses the entire plant. Foliage may yellow, wilt or drop. Plants struggle to grow properly and are more prone to disease. Continual larval feeding will eventually kill balsam plants and other indoor plants. That’s why it’s important to take action at the first sign of fungus gnats.
Preventing Fungus Gnats in Balsam Plants
Prevention is the best medicine when it comes to fungus gnat control. Make your balsam plants as inhospitable as possible to these pests
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Allow soil to slightly dry out between waterings. Balsam plants need regular moisture, but avoid soggy soil.
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Provide good drainage holes in pots and well-aerated potting mixes.
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Remove dead leaves and debris from the soil surface.
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Cover soil with a thin layer of sand, pebbles or moss to block access.
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Ensure plants receive adequate light and fertilizer to stay healthy. Stressed plants are more fungus gnat-prone.
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Quarantine and closely inspect new plants before introducing them.
These measures won’t completely eliminate the possibility of fungus gnats, but they greatly reduce the risks. Even with good prevention, infestations sometimes occur. When that happens, be ready to take action to destroy the larvae and adults.
How to Get Rid of Existing Fungus Gnats in Balsam Plants
Once fungus gnats gain a foothold in your balsam plant pots, you’ll need to use a combination of control methods to fully eradicate them. Here are the top techniques for destroying fungus gnat larvae and adults:
1. Let the Soil Dry Out Somewhat Between Waterings
Giving the soil more time to dry slightly between waterings helps control fungus gnat populations. Balsam plants need consistent moisture, but letting the top inch of soil dry out harder than usual temporarily removes the damp conditions larvae need to survive. Concentrate on keeping the lower soil moist for the plant while letting the surface get drier.
2. Use Hydrogen Peroxide Drenches
Watering plants with a hydrogen peroxide solution kills larvae on contact. Mix 1 part 3% hydrogen peroxide from the drug store with 4 parts water. Water plants thoroughly with this solution to drench the top layers of soil and eliminate larvae. Repeat every few days for 2-3 weeks.
3. Apply Diatomaceous Earth
Diatomaceous earth (DE) is made of tiny fossilized shells that cut into soft-bodied insects, causing dehydration and death. Sprinkle a fine layer of food-grade DE over the soil and mix in. Reapply after watering. Wear a dust mask when using DE.
4. Use Insecticidal Soap or Neem Oil Sprays
Insecticidal soaps and neem oil solutions sprayed on plants and soil can help reduce fungus gnat populations once they’re established. Cover plant foliage thoroughly and drench the top inches of soil. Reapply every 5-7 days as needed. Carefully follow label directions.
5. Set Out Sticky Traps
Sticky traps catch adult fungus gnats, preventing females from laying more eggs in the soil. Place several yellow sticky traps just above the soil around infected plants. Replace traps weekly until the problem resolves. Sticky traps alone won’t eliminate an infestation but help control flying adults.
6. Use Beneficial Nematodes
Beneficial nematodes are microscopic worms that prey on fungus gnat larvae in soil. After watering, sprinkle the live nematodes over moist soil. They effectively hunt down and kill larvae but are harmless to plants. Make sure to buy the proper nematode species for fungus gnats.
7. Apply a Systemic Insecticide Granular (Last Resort)
Systemic insecticides like imidacloprid are taken up by plants’ roots and make the foliage and sap toxic to insects feeding on them. While effective, they should only be used as a last resort if other organic options fail. The granules are sprinkled over the soil. Use extreme caution with any systemic insecticide and always follow label precautions.
With persistence and consistency using these methods together, you can eliminate a stubborn fungus gnat infestation in balsam plants. The keys are addressing both the larvae in the soil and flying adults using multiple tactics at once. Avoid overwatering, allow more dry time between waterings, and use any combination of the techniques above that work for your situation. With diligence, you can successfully get rid of problematic fungus gnats and enjoy your balsam plants again.
Here’s what doesn’t work
I tried a lot of things I read online. Here are some suggestions I tried that yielded unsatisfactory results.
Neem oil spray can be effective against a variety of plant-destroying insects. But unless you really, really soak the top 3 inches of the soil, it won’t kill all the fungus gnat larvae. At best, it seems to weigh down the flying adults enough that they’re easier to swat.
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The Venus flytraps were simply not up to the task. At one point there was a fungus gnat corpse in every single one of their sticky little mouths. They’re so overworked and exhausted that they can’t even close their tiny teeth anymore. The dead bugs have to wait their turn to be consumed. At the height of the issue, I estimate that I would have needed a carnivorous plant on par with Audrey II from “Little Shop of Horrors” to adequately address this. I did get to watch the flytraps bloom, though.
Jones, the beekeeper, recommended I try cinnamon or cedar shavings on the soil. She said the gnats don’t like those scents, so they act as a deterrent. It did not seem that many were deterred.
The Katchy is a device with a little light that attracts gnats and mosquitoes and a window vortex that sucks them down onto a big sticker. It has captured a satisfying number of victims but does not fully address the problem.
Mosquito bits are little pellets that contain a bacteria that’s toxic to fungus gnat and mosquito larvae. You scatter them on top of your soil or let them sit in your full watering can for a few hours or overnight to marinate. I tried both with limited results. Advertisement
“Bottom-watering” is when you put your parched plant in a bucket of water and let it soak up what it needs through the drainage hole. (It’s very fun. “Like a magic trick,” said Adams.) This keeps the top of your soil dry and therefore gnat-egg-proof. But if the water leaks back out into the tray, or if the hole is accessible to the gnats, you could just end up with the problem at the bottom of your plant instead of the top.
You can also repot your plants in fresh, sterile soil. But unless you repot all of your plants at once, and very thoroughly clean the inside of the containers and get every speck of dirt off the fragile roots, your efforts may be futile.
Easy One Step – How To Get Rid Of Fungus Gnats – 100% Guarantee – Fungus Gnat Prevention
FAQ
Can you save a plant from fungus gnats?
Does cinnamon get rid of fungus gnats?
What can I spray on my houseplants for fungus gnats?
How to get rid of fungus gnats in houseplant soil?
Here is a list of helpful natural ways to get rid of fungus gnats and kill these bugs in houseplant soil: Hydrogen peroxide to kill off fungus gnat larvae —Make a soil drench with hydrogen peroxide 3% to flush the soil and kill these bugs in the plant soil. This remedy helps kill off gnat larvae in the soil to break their lifecycle.
How can I get rid of toenail/fingernail fungus naturally?
Home remedies you can use to get rid of toenail fungus are using active ingredients (camphor and eucalyptus oil, ex vapo rub) may help treat toenail fungus. Second, is Tea trea oil is an essential oil with antifungal and antiseptic abilities. Paint the tea tree oil directly to your affected nail twice daily. Third, you may treat toenail fungus with garlic by placing chopped or crushed garlic cloves on the affected area for 30 minutes daily.
Do fungus gnats kill plants?
Fungus gnat larvae feed on the roots of plants, especially potted house plants, which can cause plants to wither and die if the infestation isn’t addressed. Separately from the issues they cause beloved plants, they are just plain annoying to have around living spaces. If you’re looking to get rid of fungus gnats, you’ve come to the right place.
Does neem oil kill fungus gnats?
Use neem oil spray. Neem oil is another natural insecticide that works well against a variety of houseplant pests, including fungus gnats. If insecticidal soap isn’t working for you, you can give neem a try. It smells a bit funky and does leave some residue, but it can be quite effective.