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Acacia trees are large natives of Australia and Africa as well as other tropical to sub-tropical regions. Their propagation is through either seed or cuttings, with seed being the easiest method. However, these important members of arid communities require a few tricks to get seed to germinate. In the wild, fire promotes seed germination, but the home gardener can use other methods to crack the hard shells. Growing acacia from seed, once pre-treated, is then a simple and pleasurable process.
Acacia plants are beautiful trees and shrubs native to Australia, Africa, and other tropical to subtropical regions With their graceful foliage and colorful blooms, it’s no wonder they’ve become popular ornamental plants around the world But before you can add these eye-catching plants to your garden, you need to learn how to properly germinate, store, and sow acacia seeds.
Acacia seeds, sometimes called wattle seeds, are contained within the plant’s seed pods They have extremely hard outer coatings that help protect the seeds but also make them more challenging to germinate This hard exterior allows acacia seeds to remain dormant in the soil for years until conditions are right for germination.
When storing acacia seeds, it’s important to keep them in a cool, dry place. Acacia seeds are very durable and can maintain viability for several years if stored properly. Once you’re ready to germinate them, you’ll need to break through that tough outer shell first.
Step-by-Step Guide to Germinating Acacia Seeds
Germinating acacia seeds takes patience, but following these steps can help increase your success rate:
1. Check seed viability
- Place seeds in a bowl of water to check if they sink or float. Discard any floating seeds, as they are unlikely to be viable.
2. Scarify the seeds
- Use sandpaper, nail clippers, or nick gently with a knife to scratch the outer coating. This allows moisture to penetrate.
3. Soak in hot water
- After scarifying, soak seeds in very hot (near boiling) water overnight to further soften the seed coat.
4. Plant pre-treated seeds
- Fill starter pots with well-draining soil and plant scarified, soaked seeds 1 inch deep.
5. Provide warmth and sunlight
- Acacia seeds need temperatures around 70-75°F to germinate well. Place in full sun or under grow lights.
6. Wait patiently
- It can take anywhere from 2 weeks to several months for the seeds to sprout. Don’t give up!
Following these tips can significantly improve acacia seed germination. Just be sure to use fresh seeds whenever possible.
Proper Storage of Acacia Seeds
To save unused acacia seeds for later planting, follow these storage guidelines:
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Allow fresh seeds to fully dry out on a paper towel before storing.
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Place dried seeds in an airtight glass jar or plastic bag. Plastic containers work well.
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Store in a cool, dry spot away from direct light. Ideal temperature is about 40-50°F.
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Check seeds occasionally and discard any that appear moldy. With proper storage, acacia seeds can remain viable for 5+ years.
Following the right storage procedures will maintain seed viability until you are ready to sow them.
How to Successfully Sow Acacia Seeds Outdoors
Once your acacia seeds have germinated or you wish to directly sow them, follow these tips:
Select the right planting spot
- Choose a location with full sun and well-draining sandy or loamy soil. Avoid heavy clay soils.
Prepare the planting bed
- Loosen soil, remove weeds/grass, and mix in compost or organic matter to improve drainage.
Dig holes and space plants
- Dig holes twice the width and depth of the seedling’s roots. Space approximately 6-12 feet apart depending on variety.
Plant germinated seedlings
- Carefully place seedling in hole. Backfill with soil, gently firming around plant.
Water thoroughly after planting
- Water deeply after planting and 1-2 times per week until established. Add mulch around base to retain moisture.
With the proper growing conditions and care, your acacia trees should flourish for years to come. Just be patient during germination and sow them at the right time of year. In no time, you’ll have beautiful acacia plants adding visual interest to your landscape.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take acacia seeds to germinate?
It typically takes 2 weeks to several months for acacia seeds to germinate. Seed treatment like scarifying helps speed up the process. Check seeds regularly and don’t give up too soon.
What’s the best way to plant acacia seeds outdoors?
Directly sow pre-treated acacia seeds 1 inch deep in prepared soil beds during the appropriate planting season. Water thoroughly after planting and regularly until seedlings emerge.
Should I remove the seed pods from my acacia plant?
It’s best to leave seed pods on the plant until they fully ripen and turn brown. Then collect the pods and carefully open them to extract the seeds inside. Discard any that appear moldy or damaged.
How do I know if my stored acacia seeds are still good?
Check your stored seeds periodically for signs of mold, darkening, or bad odors which indicate they are no longer viable. Acacia seeds properly stored in a cool, dry place can remain germinable for many years.
What time of year should I sow acacia seeds?
Most acacias do best sown in spring through early summer when soil temperatures are warming up. But this can vary by climate and species. Research your variety’s ideal planting season.
Growing acacia trees from seeds is highly rewarding. With proper germination techniques, storage methods, and sowing practices, you can add these versatile plants to your garden. Just be patient and care for them properly once planted. In time, you’ll have a beautiful stand of acacias to enjoy.
How to Plant Acacia Seeds
When you see seeds begin to germinate, make up a batch of potting medium. You may choose to use purchased seed starter mixture or make your own. A blend of sifted compost with fine river sand is one mixture recommended. You can also simply use straight compost. Good results have been shown with one part each compost, sawdust, shredded pine bark, and soil. It is important the medium drains freely when sowing acacia seeds. Pre-moisten the selected medium. Use 2 inch (5 cm.) containers with several drainage holes and plant sprouted seeds at the same depth as the size of the seeds, gently pressing the soil over the sprouts.
Growing Acacia from Seed
Acacia seed propagation is the preferred method for professionals and novices. Experts on how to plant acacia seeds recommend as fresh a supply as possible for the best chances of success. The shell coating is very dense and will take a long time to germinate without some attempt to break through this tough exterior. Once the shell has undergone treatments, the germination success and speed is greatly increased. Sowing acacia seeds without such processes may still result in seedlings but is time consuming. Besides, the steps are easy and produce quicker plants.
- First, check that the seed is viable by placing it in water. Any floating seeds will not produce seedlings and should be removed.
- Next, scarify the seeds. This will crack them, something that fire will do in the wild. Use sandpaper, nail clippers, or a gentle knock with a hammer, being careful not to smash the interior.
- The next trick is to place healthy seeds in a bath of boiling water overnight. This helps soften the tough exterior and enhance germination.
Once these steps have been taken, place each seed on moistened cotton pads in plastic bags. Put the bags in a darkened, warm location and check daily for signs of sprouting, generally in two weeks.