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“The marigold abroad her leaves doth spread, because the sun and her power is the same,” wrote poet Henry Constable in a 1592 sonnet. The marigold has long been associated with the sun. African marigolds (Tagetes erecta), which are actually native to Mexico and Central America, were sacred to the Aztecs, who used them as a medicine and as a ceremonial offering to the sun gods.
Marigolds are still called the herb of the sun because of this. In Mexico, African marigolds are a traditional flower placed on altars on The Day of the Dead. Continue reading for more African marigold information.
Also called American marigolds or Aztec marigolds, African marigolds are annuals that bloom from early summer until frost. African marigolds are taller and more tolerant of hot, dry conditions than French marigolds. They also have larger flowers that can be up to 6 inches (15 cm.) in diameter.
If deadheaded regularly, African marigold plants will usually produce many large blooms. They grow best in full sun and actually seem to prefer poor soil. Growing African marigolds or French marigolds around vegetable gardens to repel harmful insects, rabbits, and deer is a gardening habit that goes back for centuries.
The scent of marigolds is said to deter these pests. Marigold roots also emit a substance that is toxic to harmful root nematodes. This toxin can stay in the soil for a few years.
Be careful when handling marigolds because some people can get skin irritations from the plant’s oils. While marigolds deter pests, they attract bees, butterflies, and ladybugs to the garden.
The vibrant African marigold (Tagetes erecta) is a beloved annual flower known for its incredibly fast growth rate and cheery pom-pom blooms in colors of yellow orange, white and red. These hardy plants are easy to grow and provide a satisfying burst of color in flower beds and containers. Their quick growth from seed to bloom makes them an ideal choice for impatient gardeners who want to enjoy flowers as soon as possible.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk through the complete growth timeline of the African marigold from seed to maturity. We’ll share tips to help these flowers grow and bloom as quickly as their genetics allow so you can have a flourishing marigold garden in no time!
African Marigold Growth Stages
Germination
African marigold seeds germinate rapidly, usually sprouting 5-7 days after sowing if provided warm soil temperatures around 70°F Soaking the seeds for 12-24 hours before planting can speed up the process Plant the seeds 1/4 inch deep in loose, well-draining soil. Keep the soil consistently moist but not soaked. Morning sun exposure gives newly sprouted seedlings a growth boost.
Seedling Stage
The young seedlings will start developing true leaves within 2-3 weeks after germinating. At this stage, it’s important to provide adequate sunlight, water and fertilizer to fuel rapid growth. Slow-release fertilizer applied at planting time provides lasting nutrients. Water when the soil is partly dry to prevent damping off disease. Thin overcrowded seedlings to 4-6 inches apart.
Transplanting
African marigold seedlings typically reach transplant size in 4-6 weeks after germination. Look for 3-4 sets of true leaves and a robust root system before moving them to the garden. Transplant on a cloudy day or in evening to prevent wilting. Water thoroughly after transplanting and provide shade for a day or two until established.
Vegetative Growth
Once settled into their permanent spot, the marigold plants will focus energy on leaf and stem growth for the next 2-3 weeks. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every 2-3 weeks to fuel growth. Pinching back the tips encourages bushiness. The better the care during this stage, the more prolific the blooms!
Flower Bud Formation
After 6-8 weeks of growth, you’ll notice the first flower buds forming in the centers of the plants. It won’t be long now! Avoid fertilizing at this point as it can inhibit blooming. Continue pinching back leggy shoots to direct energy into flowering.
Full Bloom
Within 8-10 weeks from seed, your African marigolds will burst into full bloom! Each plant can produce hundreds of flowers over a long season. Deadheading spent blooms keeps the show going into fall. The plants may reach up to 2 feet tall at maturity, depending on variety.
Caring for Fast Growth
Follow these tips to maximize growth rate and quality:
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Provide full sun (at least 6 hours daily) in well-draining, nutrient-rich soil.
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Water thoroughly when top inch of soil is dry. Avoid wetting foliage.
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Apply blooming fertilizer every 2-3 weeks during active growth.
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Pinch back tips regularly to encourage bushy, compact growth.
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Monitor for pests like aphids and treat promptly to avoid stunting.
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Deadhead spent blooms to prolong flowering into fall.
With the proper care, you’ll be rewarded with vigorous, floriferous African marigolds in no time. Their quick journey from seed to flower makes them a joy to grow. Just be sure to provide full sun, consistent moisture, and good nutrition to spur these fast-growing annuals to their full potential.
How to Grow African Marigolds
African marigold plants propagate easily from seed started indoors four to six weeks before last frost date or sown directly in the garden after all danger of frost has passed. Seeds usually germinate in 4 to 14 days. African marigold plants can also be purchased at most garden centers in the spring.
Everything You Need To Know About African Marigolds 2021
FAQ
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