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“The marigold abroad her leaves doth spread, because the sun and her power is the same,” wrote poet Henry Constable in a 1592 sonnet. The marigold has long been associated with the sun. African marigolds (Tagetes erecta), which are actually native to Mexico and Central America, were sacred to the Aztecs, who used them as a medicine and as a ceremonial offering to the sun gods.
Marigolds are still called the herb of the sun because of this. In Mexico, African marigolds are a traditional flower placed on altars on The Day of the Dead. Continue reading for more African marigold information.
Also called American marigolds or Aztec marigolds, African marigolds are annuals that bloom from early summer until frost. African marigolds are taller and more tolerant of hot, dry conditions than French marigolds. They also have larger flowers that can be up to 6 inches (15 cm.) in diameter.
If deadheaded regularly, African marigold plants will usually produce many large blooms. They grow best in full sun and actually seem to prefer poor soil. Growing African marigolds or French marigolds around vegetable gardens to repel harmful insects, rabbits, and deer is a gardening habit that goes back for centuries.
The scent of marigolds is said to deter these pests. Marigold roots also emit a substance that is toxic to harmful root nematodes. This toxin can stay in the soil for a few years.
Be careful when handling marigolds because some people can get skin irritations from the plant’s oils. While marigolds deter pests, they attract bees, butterflies, and ladybugs to the garden.
African marigolds, with their cheerful pom-pom blooms in dazzling colors, are a beloved warm-season annual that can bring nonstop color to gardens. Growing these vibrant flowers from seed is a fun and rewarding way to add beauty to your outdoor space. In this comprehensive guide, you’ll discover everything you need to know about successfully cultivating African marigolds in your garden.
African marigolds scientifically known as Tagetes erecta originate from Mexico and Central America. They belong to the Asteraceae family, which includes other sun-loving plants like daisies and sunflowers.
These marigolds are called “African” marigolds to distinguish them from French marigolds, which tend to be smaller and less heat-tolerant. African marigolds are known for their large, fully double blooms that resemble pom-poms. The flowers come in brilliant shades of yellow, orange, gold, and combinations of these colors. They can grow up to 5 inches across!
In addition to being visually striking African marigolds offer practical benefits
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They deter certain harmful garden pests like nematodes, aphids, and slugs with their pungent natural chemicals This makes them great companion plants for vegetables
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They attract pollinators with their bright colors and scent, supporting biodiversity.
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They add vibrant, long-lasting color to gardens from midsummer into fall.
These remarkable plants can be grown successfully even by beginner gardeners if their basic needs are met. Read on to learn how!
Choosing the Right Site
When growing African marigolds, choose a site that receives full sun – at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Anything less can result in reduced blooms.
The soil should be moderately fertile and very well-draining. Wet feet will cause the roots to rot. Work compost into the soil before planting to enrich it with nutrients and organic matter.
Make sure the site has good air circulation and spacing between plants to discourage fungal diseases like powdery mildew.
Starting African Marigold Seeds
One of the easiest ways to get African marigolds is to grow them from seed. To start seeds:
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Sow seeds indoors 4-6 weeks before your last expected spring frost date. Use seed starting mix and keep the soil evenly moist while waiting for sprouts.
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Once sprouted, provide plenty of light. Supplement with grow lights if needed.
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Harden off (gradually expose to outdoor conditions) the seedlings for 7-10 days before transplanting them outside after all danger of frost.
You can also directly sow seeds into the garden after the danger of frost has passed. Simply plant them 1⁄4-1⁄2 inch deep and 6-12 inches apart. Water gently and keep moist until seedlings emerge.
Caring for Your Marigolds
Once your marigolds are established, here are some tips to keep them thriving:
Watering: Water marigolds regularly, especially in hot and dry periods. Soak the soil deeply and allow to partially dry between waterings. Avoid overhead watering, which can encourage diseases.
Fertilizing: Work compost or organic fertilizer into the soil at planting time. You can also side-dress plants with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season if they need a boost.
Pruning: Pinch or cut off spent blooms to encourage continuous flowering. Prune leggy growth to promote bushiness.
Pests: Watch for aphids, slugs, snails, and spider mites. Remove by hand or use organic sprays if infestations are severe.
Diseases: Improve airflow and reduce moisture on leaves to prevent powdery mildew and other fungal diseases. Use fungicides if needed.
Staking: Tall varieties may need stakes or cages for support in windy areas.
Continuing to remove spent blooms and damaged foliage and providing adequate water during dry spells will keep your marigolds flowering beautifully into fall.
Growing Marigolds in Containers
African marigolds also adapt well to container growing. Choose large pots at least 10 inches wide and deep with drainage holes. Use a quality potting mix and add slow-release fertilizer to feed your plants.
Provide as much sun as possible. Water whenever the soil becomes dry to the touch, and even more frequently in very hot conditions. Pinching back leggy growth will help keep container-grown marigolds full and compact.
Well-tended container marigolds will reward you with nonstop color on your patio, deck, or doorstep!
Common Problems and Solutions
While generally robust, African marigolds can encounter a few problems. Here’s how to prevent and treat them:
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Powdery mildew: Improve air circulation. Treat with fungicides made for powdery mildew.
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Aphids: Dislodge with strong water spray. Apply insecticidal soap sprays if needed.
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Slugs/snails: Hand pick or set traps. Use barriers like diatomaceous earth.
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Overwatering: Allow soil to partially dry out between deep waterings. Ensure drainage is adequate.
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Underwatering: Water more frequently, especially in hot weather. Don’t let soil completely dry out.
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Heat stress: Provide some shade if possible during peak heat. Ensure adequate moisture.
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Pests like deer or rabbits: Use fencing or deterrent sprays if needed. Plant enough for them to share!
How to Collect and Store Seeds
One benefit of growing African marigolds is that you can save their seeds to plant next season. To collect seeds:
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Allow flower heads to dry out completely on the plants. They will turn brown.
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Check for dry, papery seed heads. Then cut them off the plant.
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Gently rub or shake the seed heads over a container to catch seeds as they fall out.
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Discard debris and dry materials. Place seeds in an airtight container.
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Label container with variety and date. Store in a cool, dry place.
Stored properly, African marigold seeds can remain viable for several years!
The Joys of Growing African Marigolds
With their vibrant colors, appealing scent, and excellent garden benefits, African marigolds are a must-have annual for many gardeners. Following the tips in this guide will set you up for success growing bountiful blooms. Be sure to provide plenty of sun, well-drained soil, consistent moisture, and protection from pests.
The beauty, resilience, and fast growth from seed of African marigolds make them ideal plants for beginning and seasoned gardeners alike. Bring some cheer to your landscape this year with African marigolds!
How to Grow African Marigolds
African marigold plants propagate easily from seed started indoors four to six weeks before last frost date or sown directly in the garden after all danger of frost has passed. Seeds usually germinate in 4 to 14 days. African marigold plants can also be purchased at most garden centers in the spring.
Everything You Need To Know About African Marigolds 2021
FAQ
Do African marigolds come back every year?
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