Northern maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum L.) is a deciduous, perennial fern native to Wisconsin. It’s native to regions of North America, temperate East Asia and Himalayas within plant hardiness zones 3 – 8. Northern maidenhair fern is a member of the Adiantaceae, a sub-family of the Pteridaceae family. 
Other species of Adiantum are used as houseplants and require moist air, warmth, and shade indoors. Adiantum’s are also excellent choices for terrariums. The scientific name translates to unwettable for Adiantum and footlike for pedatum. The description “unwettable” describes the fronds ability to shed rainwater and “footlike” refers to the shape of each subleaflet. 
The fine textured fronds stand up to 2 feet high with an overall delicate appearance. The stems are black or dark purple, usually hairless and occasionally covered with whitish bloom. The frond divides into two blades each with 2 – 9 leaflets (pinnae) arranged in a shape commonly described as horse-shoe, semi-circle, or C-shaped. The closest leaflets to the main stem are the largest and become progressively shorter as they approach the tip. 
Each leaflet has a few hundred, very small subleaflets (pinnules) contributing to the dainty appearance of the plant. Each subleaflet is ½ – 3/8 inch wide and ½ to 1 inch long with lobes separated by narrow sinuses and toothed with rounded teeth. On fertile subleaflets the upper margin is bent backward into a membranous flap (indusium) on which oblong, spore-bearing structures (sporangia) are borne in a compact cluster (sorus). Spores are produced from July to September. 
Northern maidenhair fern is a great addition to shade gardens with rich moist soils. The unique texture of Northern maidenhair fern leaves makes it an excellent addition to hosta gardens. Northern maidenhair fern prefers part to full shade and moist habitats. Specifically, Northern maidenhair fern prefers deciduous woods with rich well-drained soil. When planted in the garden, keep moist throughout the season as it doesn’t tolerate drying out. If the area Northern maidenhair fern being planted in is sandy, amend the soil with composted material or peat moss to help maintain consistent soil moisture. Northern maidenhair fern spreads through its rhizomes to form patches over time. Patience is needed with this fern because it spreads slowly. Gardeners can propagate by division in spring. It also reproduces by spores in summer and fall. The emerging fiddleheads are a reddish purple to pink. 
No serious insect or diseases problems are known to affect Northern maidenhair fern. Many tribes throughout North America used all parts of this fern as a medicine and in basketry. – Erin LaFaive, Eau Claire County UW-Extension Horticulture Educator
The delicate and elegant Adiantum laevigatum plant, commonly known as the smooth maidenhair fern, is a popular houseplant revered for its airy, bright green fronds. This lovely fern comes in several different varieties, each with its own unique traits and origins. In this article, we’ll explore the numerous types of Adiantum laevigatum and how to best care for these graceful plants.
An Overview of the Adiantum Laevigatum Plant
The Adiantum laevigatum plant is part of the Adiantum genus in the Pteridaceae family of ferns. There are over 250 species of maidenhair ferns in this genus. Adiantum laevigatum is native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America and Africa.
This fern is known for its delicate, fan-shaped fronds made up of tiny leaflets. The fronds emerge on thin black or brownish-red stems from a creeping rhizome. Tiny black spores form on the underside of the fronds. The lacy texture and vibrant green hue of Adiantum laevigatum make it a visually striking addition to indoor spaces.
Getting to Know the Different Varieties
While the most commonly grown type is the species Adiantum laevigatum, there are a few popular varieties of this fern worth noting
Adiantum Laevigatum Venustum
Also called the Himalayan maidenhair fern, Adiantum laevigatum venustum hails from the Himalayan mountains. It has somewhat smaller fronds than the main species, growing about 12 inches tall and wide. The fronds have a delicate triangular shape and emerge on dark, wiry stems.
Adiantum Laevigatum Subpumilum
True to its name, the dwarf smooth maidenhair fern is the smallest variety. It reaches just 4-6 inches in height and width The tiny fronds are light green and finely divided This miniature variety works well in terrariums and fairy gardens.
Adiantum Laevigatum Rubellum
The red maidenhair fern is named for its reddish-brown stems. Its fronds are a bit larger than the main species, reaching about 10 inches long. The ruddy stems provide an attractive contrast against the bright green fronds. This variety grows wild in China and Taiwan.
Growing Conditions for Adiantum Laevigatum Varieties
While the different varieties have some unique traits, their overall care is quite similar. Here are the key conditions Adiantum laevigatum prefers:
-
Light: Bright, filtered light. Avoid direct sun.
-
Water Keep soil consistently moist but not saturated Water 1-2 times per week.
-
Humidity: Prefers 40-60% humidity. Mist leaves or use a pebble tray.
-
Temperature: Average room temps of 65-75°F are ideal. Avoid drafts.
-
Soil: Rich, well-draining potting mix. Incorporate peat moss.
-
Fertilizer: Use a balanced liquid fertilizer at half-strength monthly.
Tips for Caring for Your Adiantum Laevigatum
Caring for these delicate ferns takes some practice but soon you’ll have lush, healthy plants. Here are some top care tips:
-
Allow the top inch of soil to dry between waterings. Take care not to overwater.
-
Keep humidity high by misting frequently or using a humidifier.
-
Remove yellow or brown fronds promptly to keep plants looking fresh.
-
Rotate plants periodically so all sides receive adequate light.
-
During winter months, reduce watering frequency slightly.
-
Repot every 2-3 years in fresh potting mix to refresh the soil.
Common Concerns When Growing Adiantum Laevigatum
New maidenhair fern owners often run into a few issues. Here’s how to troubleshoot problems:
-
Brown leaf tips – Usually a sign of dry air. Increase humidity levels.
-
Yellowing fronds – Can indicate overwatering or insufficient light. Adjust care.
-
Leggy growth – Needs more light exposure. Rotate plant or move closer to window.
-
Failure to thrive – May be caused by soggy soil, drafty location, or improper watering.
The Graceful Addition of Adiantum Laevigatum
With its delicate texture and vivid color, it’s easy to see why Adiantum laevigatum is such a popular houseplant. Pay attention to the specific needs of these ferns, and you’ll be rewarded with healthy, thriving plants. Experiment with the different Adiantum laevigatum varieties to find the look you love!
Featured Articles by Season
Ask Your Gardening Question
If you’re unable to find the information you need, please submit your gardening question here:
80 FERN SPECIES | HERB STORIES
FAQ
How many species of Adiantum are there?
What is the difference between northern and southern maidenhair ferns?
What are the species of maidenhair ferns?
Where does maidenhair fern grow best?
Is Adiantum a good plant for beginners?
The Adiantum (Maidenhair fern) is not the best plant for beginners, but also not very difficult to take care of. 1 . How to take care of a Fern indoors Ferns are beautiful plants with a lot of textures, shapes, and sizes. There are a lot of different ferns, each with their own characteristics.
What is Adiantum fern?
Adiantum is a genus of ferns that are native to tropical and subtropical regions across the world. They are characterized by their delicate fronds, which can vary in color from bright green to dark purple depending on species. The leaves have a unique texture resembling lace or hair, hence its common name “Maidenhair Fern”.
Is Adiantum a perennial?
Adiantum — maidenhair ferns–are moisture-loving perennials with fronds of leaflets that are mostly fan-shaped, bright green, and thin textured. Adiantum are grown for their delicate and elegant foliage. Adiantum are tender plants that need shelter from the wind and hot sun and protection from winter cold. They are often grown as houseplants.
Are Adiantum a houseplant?
Adiantum are grown for their delicate and elegant foliage. Adiantum are tender plants that need shelter from the wind and hot sun and protection from winter cold. They are often grown as houseplants. Adiantum is a genus of more than 200 species. Adiantum is native to tropical and subtropical areas of North and South America.